DISEASES THAT ARE MISTAKEN FOR MENTAL DISORDERS

Abstract

This article examines the complex intersections between organic diseases and psychiatric disorders, focusing on physical conditions that often mimic mental health issues, leading to misdiagnoses and inadequate treatments. The overlap of symptoms between these conditions underscores the critical importance of a differential diagnostic approach to avoid errors that prolong the patient's suffering. Public policies, such as the São Paulo Legislative Assembly project, are highlighted for their relevance in raising public awareness of this issue. Additionally, recent research revealed that 86% of Brazilians exhibit some form of mental disorder, reinforcing the need for careful diagnoses. The literature review covers studies on pathologies such as hypothyroidism, lupus, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, and hormonal disorders, whose symptoms are easily confused with mental disorders like depression and anxiety. The research draws on national and international databases, emphasizing the relevance of a clinical evaluation that integrates biopsychosocial aspects and is conducted by interdisciplinary teams. Thus, it is concluded that differential diagnosis between organic and psychiatric conditions should be a constant practice in the field of mental health, aiming to ensure more precise interventions and the well-being of patients.