TÉCNICAS DE IMPRESIÓN EN PRÓTESIS TOTAL: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70187/recisatec.v6i1.415Palabras clave:
Prótesis total, Imprensión dental, Impresión funcional, Reabsorción del reborde alveolar, Materiales de Impresión, Odontologia digitalResumen
La toma de impresiones es una de las etapas más críticas en la confección de prótesis totales, siendo determinante para el éxito clínico del tratamiento rehabilitador. La correcta captura de la anatomía de los rebordes residuales, los tejidos blandos y las zonas de sellado periférico es fundamental para garantizar una adecuada retención, estabilidad y soporte. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre las principales técnicas de impresión empleadas en la confección de prótesis totales, abordando materiales, indicaciones clínicas, ventajas y limitaciones de cada técnica. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, LILACS y BVS, utilizando descriptores relacionados con la toma de impresiones en prótesis total, abarcando publicaciones de 1990 a 2026. Resultados: Se analizaron las técnicas mucostática, mucodinámica, en dos tiempos y selectivamente compresiva, así como los materiales de impresión y las tecnologías digitales emergentes. Evidencias recientes (2024–2026) confirman que la digitalización indirecta de impresiones convencionales sigue siendo superior al escaneo intraoral directo en rebordes edéntulos para la captura de bordes funcionales, aunque la precisión general de los escáneres intraorales se mantiene dentro de límites clínicamente aceptables. Conclusión: No existe una técnica universalmente superior; la selección debe ser individualizada y fundamentada en el diagnóstico clínico, siendo el flujo digital una tendencia creciente, aunque con limitaciones aún en evolución.
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