ENVELHECIMENTO IMUNOLÓGICO E IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS GRAVES EM IDOSOS NA COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53612/recisatec.v1i5.53Palavras-chave:
COVID-19, Imunossenescência, InflammagingResumo
A COVID-19, causada pela infecção por SARS-CoV-2, varia de leve a moderado na maioria dos indivíduos previamente saudáveis, mas pode causar doenças com risco de morte ou sintomas debilitantes persistentes em alguns casos. A gravidade da COVID-19 está relacionada à idade, com indivíduos com mais de 65 anos apresentando maior risco de necessitar de cuidados intensivos. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo explanar o conhecimento atual sobre a interferência do processo de imunosenescência em quadros de maior gravidade por covid-19 em idosos. O envelhecimento se trata de uma involução sistêmica, incluindo o sistema imunológico, acometendo o indivíduo com diversas comorbidades, estando entre elas comorbidades cardíacas, pulmonares e neurológicas que agravam o quadro de vulnerabilidade. O envelhecimento é desencadeado por vários mecanismos, entre os mais relevantes há diminuição dos telômeros, e estresse oxidativo que por sua vez acarretam a outros cenários como senescência de células T, disfunção mitocondrial e inflamação crônica de baixo grau, o que é somado com mecanismo de atuação do próprio vírus causador da COVID-19, como seu fator chave-fechadura envolvendo receptores ECA-2 que possuem mudança de expressão durante o envelhecimento, retratando as interferências deste cenário senescente ao entrar em contato com a covid-19 que contribuem para maior gravidade em idosos.
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