BENEFICIOS DE LA TÉCNICA DE ULTRAFILTRACIÓN DE BALANCE CERO (Z-BUF) DURANTE EL BYPASS CARDIOPULMONAR EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A CIRUGÍA CARDÍACA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53612/recisatec.v2i10.194Palabras clave:
Circulación extracorpórea, Cirugía cardíaca, Ultrafiltración de equilibrio cero (Z-BUF), Mediadores inflamatoriosResumen
La circulación extracorpórea (CPB) consiste en el reemplazo temporal del corazón y los pulmones por una máquina durante algunos procedimientos quirúrgicos. El uso de soluciones de cristaloides para el llenado y eliminación de aire del circuito CPB da como resultado la hemodilución del paciente, generando complicaciones como la reducción de los niveles de hemoglobina y la reducción del transporte y suministro de oxígeno, requiriendo el uso de técnicas de ultrafiltración. La ultrafiltración reduce la formación de edema y la necesidad de transfusiones de sangre, además de controlar la reacción inflamatoria sistémica mediante la eliminación de agentes proinflamatorios. En la ultrafiltración de equilibrio cero (Z-BUF) se infunde una solución en el circuito CPB y se elimina un volumen igual de fluido a través de la columna de ultrafiltración. Este proceso permite eliminar moléculas pequeñas de la sangre, mientras que las células y las proteínas grandes permanecen en la circulación. Z-BUF fue desarrollado para reducir los mediadores inflamatorios asociados con la CPB, aunque actualmente ayuda en la corrección de anomalías electrolíticas que ocurren durante la cirugía. El estudio aclara los beneficios de Z-BUF utilizado en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Se observa que Z-BUF ayuda a reducir los factores inflamatorios, atenúa la pérdida de sangre en el postoperatorio y, concomitantemente, disminuye el tiempo de ventilación mecánica y la estancia en la UCI, además de mantener un equilibrio electrolítico más adecuado y fisiológico para el organismo.
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