ASTROCITOS: DEL PROTAGONISMO A LOS DÉFICITS
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https://doi.org/10.53612/recisatec.v2i10.195Palabras clave:
artículo busca a través de la metodología de revisión bibliográficaResumen
Este artículo busca a través de la metodología de revisión bibliográfica recopilar, analizar y sintetizar la información más reciente sobre las diversas funciones que realizan las células gliales, centrándose en los astrocitos como primordiales para el buen funcionamiento del sistema neuronal. Se encontró que los astrocitos tienen las funciones de aislar, sostener y nutrir las neuronas, son una parte integral y esencial para el control homeostático pasivo de las condiciones y la función sinatáctica; son importantes reguladores multifuncionales del acoplamiento neurometabólico, controlan el flujo sanguíneo del sistema nervioso central mediante la liberación y producción de moléculas vasoactivas, siendo también mediadores primarios en el sitio del flujo sanguíneo en relación con diversas actividades neuronales del sistema nervioso central, realizan desintoxicación, fagocitosis, tienen funciones inmunes y rendimiento esencial en la formación y mantenimiento de la barrera hematoencefálica (BSC) y por lo tanto, modulaciones requeridas en respuestas inmunoinflamatorias. Hallazgos recientes indican que la deficiencia y el mal funcionamiento de los astrocitos están directamente relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer y algunas formas de epilepsia, y también se correlacionan con problemas de memoria.
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